[ad_1] Introduction Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process that guides when and where human activities occur in the marine environment to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives. One of the key challenges in MSP…
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[ad_1] Introduction: The Earth’s oceans are experiencing unprecedented warming due to climate change, with significant implications for marine organisms and ecosystems. Marine organisms have evolved over millions of years to function within specific temperature ranges,…
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[ad_1] Introduction Plastic pollution in marine environments is a growing issue that poses a significant threat to seabird populations worldwide. Seabirds are particularly vulnerable to ingesting plastic debris, with studies indicating that ingestion rates are…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems are facing increasing pressures from human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which have led to degradation and loss of biodiversity. In recent years, efforts have been made to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coastal hypoxia, defined as low dissolved oxygen levels in marine environments, is a growing environmental concern worldwide. Hypoxic events have detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems, leading to fish kills, loss of biodiversity, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems play a crucial role in protecting coastal communities from natural disasters such as storms, tsunamis, and floods. These ecosystems provide a range of valuable ecosystem services, including coastal protection, water purification,…
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[ad_1] Introduction The oceans are a crucial ecosystem that supports a wide variety of marine life, including fish populations. However, human activities such as shipping, oil and gas exploration, and military operations are contributing to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine invasive species have become a significant ecological concern in recent years due to their detrimental impacts on native ecosystems. These non-native species, introduced through human activities such as shipping and aquaculture, can…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coastal habitats are essential for supporting a wide range of biodiversity, providing key ecosystems services and supporting local economies. However, these habitats are increasingly under threat from human activities, with habitat fragmentation being…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine renewable energy, also known as ocean energy, is a rapidly developing sector that has the potential to provide a significant contribution to global energy production and help to mitigate climate change. However,…
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