[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems are vital for supporting life on Earth, providing a range of ecological, economic, and social benefits. However, these ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change, which is leading to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coastal groundwater discharge is a critical process that plays a significant role in the function and health of marine ecosystems. It involves the movement of groundwater from land to sea, carrying with it…
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[ad_1] Introduction: The rapid development of marine renewable energy devices has raised concerns about their potential impacts on marine life. These technologies, such as wave energy converters, tidal turbines, and offshore wind farms, have the…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process that guides where and when human activities occur in the marine environment to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives. As human activities in the marine environment…
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[ad_1] Introduction The ocean plays a crucial role in regulating Earth’s climate and supporting marine ecosystems. Ocean circulation, driven by a complex system of currents, influences the distribution of heat, nutrients, and organisms throughout the…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems are complex and interconnected systems that are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Tipping points in marine ecosystems refer to critical thresholds beyond which the ecosystem undergoes rapid and potentially irreversible…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine biodiversity conservation has become an increasingly important topic in the field of marine science and conservation. With the growing threats to marine ecosystems such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change,…
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[ad_1] Introduction The deep-sea ecosystem is one of the most mysterious and least understood ecosystems on Earth. With the majority of the ocean being deep-sea, it plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designated areas in oceans and seas where human activities are regulated in order to conserve marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Enforcement of regulations within MPAs is crucial for their…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and important ecosystems in the world, providing habitat for a wide variety of marine species. Among these species, coral reef fish play a crucial role…
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