[ad_1] Introduction Fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in many chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and systemic sclerosis. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading…
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[ad_1] Introduction The presence of comorbidities, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or conditions in a patient, has been shown to significantly impact the efficacy of drug treatments. Comorbidities can alter…
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[ad_1] Introduction Adrenergic drugs are a class of medications that act on the adrenergic receptors in the body, particularly those that respond to the neurotransmitter adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. These drugs have a wide…
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[ad_1] Introduction The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to improve drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and enhance targeted delivery. By encapsulating drugs within…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug formulations play a crucial role in determining the pharmacokinetics of a drug, which in turn determines its efficacy and safety in patients. The way a drug is formulated can impact its absorption,…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs exert their effects on the body, including the mechanisms of action, therapeutic and toxic effects, and the relationship between drug concentration and response. Lipid-lowering drugs are…
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[ad_1] Introduction Muscle toxicity induced by drugs is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and medicine. The adverse effects of drugs on skeletal muscles can lead to serious complications, including rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neuropsychiatric conditions, which encompass a range of disorders affecting the brain and nervous system, are a significant public health concern worldwide. These conditions, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar…
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[ad_1] Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial players in signal transduction, regulating a wide variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can form oligomeric complexes, which can influence their function and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, exosomes have gained significant attention as…
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