[ad_1] Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the successful treatment of various diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases. One of the mechanisms underlying MDR is the overexpression of drug efflux transporters, which…
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[ad_1] Introduction Fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in many chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and systemic sclerosis. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading…
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[ad_1] Introduction Adrenergic drugs are a class of medications that act on the adrenergic receptors in the body, particularly those that respond to the neurotransmitter adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. These drugs have a wide…
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[ad_1] Introduction The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to improve drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and enhance targeted delivery. By encapsulating drugs within…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacodynamics plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy of drugs in the human body. Understanding the mechanism of action of drugs and how they interact with the body at a molecular level…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug formulations play a crucial role in determining the pharmacokinetics of a drug, which in turn determines its efficacy and safety in patients. The way a drug is formulated can impact its absorption,…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Drug-induced immunotoxicity refers to the adverse effects that certain medications can have on the immune system of an individual. These effects can range from mild allergies to severe autoimmune diseases, and can be…
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[ad_1] Introduction Muscle toxicity induced by drugs is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and medicine. The adverse effects of drugs on skeletal muscles can lead to serious complications, including rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their ability to efficiently deliver various cargoes, including drugs and genes, across biological membranes. CPPs are short peptides that possess…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neuropsychiatric conditions, which encompass a range of disorders affecting the brain and nervous system, are a significant public health concern worldwide. These conditions, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar…
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