[ad_1] Introduction: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in the successful treatment of various diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases. One of the mechanisms underlying MDR is the overexpression of drug efflux transporters, which…
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[ad_1] Introduction Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells and tissues in the body. These diseases can affect any part of the body, leading to…
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[ad_1] Introduction The presence of comorbidities, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or conditions in a patient, has been shown to significantly impact the efficacy of drug treatments. Comorbidities can alter…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs exert their effects on the body, including the mechanisms of action, therapeutic and toxic effects, and the relationship between drug concentration and response. Lipid-lowering drugs are…
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[ad_1] Introduction Muscle toxicity induced by drugs is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and medicine. The adverse effects of drugs on skeletal muscles can lead to serious complications, including rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neuropsychiatric conditions, which encompass a range of disorders affecting the brain and nervous system, are a significant public health concern worldwide. These conditions, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar…
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[ad_1] Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial players in signal transduction, regulating a wide variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can form oligomeric complexes, which can influence their function and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It affects millions of people worldwide and has a significant impact on their quality of life.…
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[ad_1] Introduction: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been steadily increasing worldwide, posing a significant public health concern. These metabolic disorders are closely linked and share common underlying pathophysiological…
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[ad_1] Introduction Functional genomics has revolutionized the field of pharmacology by providing valuable insights into the identification of targets and pathways for drug discovery and development. Understanding the complex interactions between genes, proteins, and pathways…
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