[ad_1] Introduction Drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and gastroenterology. Many medications have been reported to cause adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as nausea,…
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[ad_1] Introduction The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that inhibit the action of…
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[ad_1] Introduction The field of pharmacology plays a crucial role in understanding and promoting healthy aging and longevity. With the global population continuing to grow older, there is an increasing interest in identifying strategies to…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Ion channels play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes in the body, including nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and cell signaling. Dysfunction of ion channels has been implicated in a wide range…
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[ad_1] Introduction Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are a vital component in the management of epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The pharmacodynamics of AEDs refers to the study of the effects of these drugs…
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[ad_1] Introduction Autophagy is a highly conserved pathway in cells that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, and invading pathogens. In recent years, there has…
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[ad_1] Introduction Inflammation is a complex physiological response of the body to injury or infection, designed to eliminate the causative agent and promote tissue repair. However, when this response becomes chronic, it can lead to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Hydration is a crucial aspect of maintaining human health and wellbeing. Water is essential for various physiological functions, including drug pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized,…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neurodegenerative disorders are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the central nervous system. These disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, are debilitating…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug resistance is a growing concern in the field of medicine, posing a significant challenge to the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments. Resistance mechanisms can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetic…
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