[ad_1] Introduction Hypoxia, the condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply, is a major challenge faced by organisms in high-altitude environments, during respiratory diseases, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coenzyme Q, also known as ubiquinone, is a vital component in the electron transport chain and plays a crucial role in cellular energy production. As a lipid-soluble molecule, coenzyme Q is present in…
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[ad_1] Introduction Selenium is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in human health. It is involved in numerous physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. Selenium deficiency has…
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[ad_1] Introduction Metabolism is the process through which living organisms convert food into energy to sustain life. The intricate web of metabolic pathways in cells allows for the regulation of these processes, ensuring that energy…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Calcium is a crucial element in various cellular processes, playing a vital role in signal transduction pathways, cell division, muscle contraction, and neurotransmitter release. The intricate regulation of calcium levels within cells is…
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[ad_1] Introduction Iron is an essential element for various cellular processes, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and energy production. It plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism by acting as a cofactor for numerous enzymes…
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[ad_1] Introduction Proteins play a crucial role in various biological processes and their interactions with other proteins are essential for carrying out these functions. Protein-protein docking is a computational method used to predict the three-dimensional…
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[ad_1] Introduction Amino acids are essential building blocks of proteins and play crucial roles in various physiological processes in living organisms. The biosynthesis of amino acids involves complex biochemical pathways that are tightly regulated to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Cellular senescence is a complex biological process characterized by irreversible growth arrest, altered gene expression, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. It plays a crucial role in aging, tumor suppression, and tissue regeneration.…
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[ad_1] Introduction Xenobiotics are foreign substances that enter the body from the environment through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, or absorption. These substances can include drugs, pollutants, pesticides, and other chemicals. The metabolism of…
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