[ad_1] Introduction Nails are composed of a tough protective protein called keratin, which is also found in hair and skin. The growth and development of nails are complex processes that involve a variety of biochemical…
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[ad_1] Introduction Metabolic reprogramming refers to the phenomenon in which cells alter their metabolic pathways to meet the demands of proliferation, survival, and effector functions. In recent years, there has been a growing body of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans and animals. It plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from UV radiation, regulating body temperature, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field in biomedical research that focuses on the systematic study of small molecule metabolites in biological systems. By analyzing the unique metabolic profiles of cells, tissues, or organisms,…
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[ad_1] Introduction DNA damage is a common occurrence that poses a threat to the integrity of genetic information. The ability of cells to repair DNA damage is critical for maintaining genomic stability and preventing diseases…
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[ad_1] Introduction Proteomics is a powerful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying various diseases, including joint diseases. Synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant and shock absorber in joints, is an important source of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Proteins play a vital role in various biological processes in living organisms. Metal ions are essential cofactors for many proteins, influencing their structure and function. Understanding the interactions between proteins and metal ions…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Xenobiotics are foreign substances that enter the body through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. These substances can range from pharmaceutical drugs and environmental chemicals to dietary compounds and toxicants.…
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[ad_1] Introduction Proteins and carbohydrates play crucial roles in cell recognition, a fundamental process in various biological phenomena such as immune response, fertilization, and development. Protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate these recognition events, where specific proteins bind…
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[ad_1] Introduction Structural biology of bacterial secretion systems is a fascinating field of study that aims to understand the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria secrete various proteins and other molecules. Bacterial secretion systems play crucial…
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