[ad_1] **Introduction** The neural substrates underlying reward prediction are central to our understanding of motivated behavior, decision-making, and addiction. Reward prediction refers to the brain’s ability to anticipate and evaluate the expected value of future…
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[ad_1] Introduction Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health disorders worldwide, affecting millions of individuals each year. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in the body’s response…
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[ad_1] Introduction Physical activity has long been recognized as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle, with numerous studies showcasing its benefits for overall physical health. However, recent research has also begun to shed light…
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[ad_1] Introduction Prenatal alcohol exposure has been shown to have detrimental effects on the developing brain of the fetus. Alcohol is a teratogen that can disrupt crucial processes of brain development, leading to a range…
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[ad_1] Introduction Empathy and compassion are crucial components of human social behavior and play a significant role in fostering interpersonal relationships, prosocial behaviors, and emotional well-being. The ability to understand and share the feelings of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neurotransmitter release is a crucial process in the communication between neurons, allowing for the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system. The modulation of neurotransmitter release plays a key role in various physiological…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug addiction is a complex and chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain. The impact of drug addiction on brain structure has…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neurotransmitter reuptake is a crucial biological process that plays a significant role in the regulation of neurotransmission within the central nervous system. The mechanisms underlying the reuptake of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine,…
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[ad_1] Introduction Self-control, the ability to regulate one’s thoughts, emotions, and actions in order to achieve long-term goals, is a crucial aspect of human behavior. Understanding the neural basis of self-control is essential for developing…
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[ad_1] Introduction Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, is a fundamental process underlying learning and memory in the brain. As individuals age, cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and…
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