[ad_1] Introduction Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells and tissues in the body. These diseases can affect any part of the body, leading to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in many chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and systemic sclerosis. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading…
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[ad_1] Introduction The presence of comorbidities, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or conditions in a patient, has been shown to significantly impact the efficacy of drug treatments. Comorbidities can alter…
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[ad_1] Introduction The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery has gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to improve drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and enhance targeted delivery. By encapsulating drugs within…
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[ad_1] Introduction Muscle toxicity induced by drugs is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and medicine. The adverse effects of drugs on skeletal muscles can lead to serious complications, including rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial players in signal transduction, regulating a wide variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can form oligomeric complexes, which can influence their function and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, exosomes have gained significant attention as…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It affects millions of people worldwide and has a significant impact on their quality of life.…
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[ad_1] Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need for a more comprehensive approach to drug development in pediatric populations. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have emerged as a valuable…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug efficacy and mechanisms of action are critical aspects of pharmacology and are essential for understanding the effects of drugs on the human body. The efficacy of a drug refers to its ability…
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