Introduction Drug-induced musculoskeletal toxicity is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and toxicology. The musculoskeletal system plays a crucial role in maintaining body movement, posture, and overall physical function. However, certain drugs have…
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Introduction: Heme is an essential molecule for life as it plays a crucial role in various biological processes such as oxygen transport, electron transport chain, and drug metabolism. The synthesis of heme is a complex…
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Introduction: Protein sulfation is a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes within the human body. This modification involves the addition of sulfate groups to specific amino acid residues…
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Introduction: Saliva is a vital fluid in the human body that plays a key role in maintaining oral health and overall well-being. The biochemistry of saliva production is a complex process involving various proteins, enzymes,…
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Introduction Protein-drug complexes play a crucial role in understanding the interactions between drugs and their target proteins. Structural studies of protein-drug complexes provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of drug action, drug design, and drug…
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Introduction: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that arises from a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, and organ dysfunction. Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a key mechanism underlying the…
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Introduction Drug-induced ocular toxicity is a serious and often overlooked side effect of many medications. The biochemical mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are complex and not yet fully understood. This thesis aims to explore the biochemical…
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Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) is a vital signaling molecule involved in various physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Since its discovery as a biological signaling molecule in the 1980s, extensive research has been…
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Introduction Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a fluid that flows from the gingival crevice…
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Introduction The lymphatic system is a vital component of the body’s immune system, playing a crucial role in the circulation and filtration of lymph fluid. Lymph formation is a complex process that involves the movement…
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