Introduction Protein-polymer conjugates have gained significant attention in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals due to their ability to combine the unique properties of proteins with the versatility of polymers. These conjugates offer enhanced stability,…
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Introduction Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant clinical problem that can lead to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and even end-stage renal disease. It is a common cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in…
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Introduction Biochemistry of bilirubin metabolism is a fascinating field of study that involves the breakdown and elimination of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the catabolism of heme in the body. Bilirubin plays a crucial…
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Introduction Bacterial porins are integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in allowing the passage of small solutes across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins are essential for the growth and survival…
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Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by a traumatic event. It can have lasting effects on an individual’s mental and physical health, often leading to significant disabilities and…
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Introduction: Protein racemization is a biochemical process in which the optical isomer of a chiral amino acid is converted into its mirror image, resulting in the formation of a racemic mixture of D and L…
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Introduction The inner ear is a complex and delicate system responsible for hearing and balance in humans. Central to the proper functioning of the inner ear are the fluids known as perilymph and endolymph. These…
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Introduction: Protein-aptamer complexes have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in various fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and diagnostics. Aptamers are artificial nucleic acid molecules that can specifically bind to…
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Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals of all ages. It is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning.…
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Introduction Protein deamidation is a common post-translational modification that occurs in proteins and peptides, leading to the conversion of asparagine (Asn) or glutamine (Gln) residues into aspartic acid (Asp) or glutamic acid (Glu), respectively. Deamidation…
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