[ad_1] Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 251 million…
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[ad_1] Introduction Biochemistry of pleural fluid formation is a complex process that plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of the pleural cavity. Pleural fluid is a vital component of the serous membrane that…
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[ad_1] Introduction Metabolic reprogramming in burn injuries is a critical aspect of understanding the pathophysiology and potential treatments for individuals who have suffered burn injuries. Burn injuries are a significant public health issue worldwide, with…
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[ad_1] Introduction Gluconeogenesis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that enables organisms to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or low carbohydrate conditions. It is a complex biochemical process that involves the synthesis of glucose from…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has been increasing in recent…
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[ad_1] Introduction Protein citrullination is a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including gene regulation, signal transduction, and immune responses. Citrullination is the conversion of arginine residues into citrulline by…
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[ad_1] Introduction Biochemistry of interstitial fluid dynamics is a vital area of study in the field of biology and medicine. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and bathes the cells in the body, providing…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pregnancy is a physiological state that requires significant metabolic adaptations to support the growth and development of the fetus. These adaptations involve changes in maternal metabolism, hormone levels, and nutrient utilization to ensure…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug-induced musculoskeletal toxicity is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and toxicology. The musculoskeletal system plays a crucial role in maintaining body movement, posture, and overall physical function. However, certain drugs…
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[ad_1] Introduction Bacterial flagella are complex nanomachines that play a crucial role in bacterial motility and pathogenesis. Understanding the structural biology of bacterial flagella is essential for gaining insights into their function and for developing…
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