[ad_1] Introduction In recent years, drug-drug interactions have become a significant concern in clinical practice due to their potential to alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. These interactions can lead to adverse effects, decreased…
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[ad_1] Introduction Melanin is a pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin, hair, and eyes of humans and animals. It plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from UV radiation, regulating body temperature, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field in biomedical research that focuses on the systematic study of small molecule metabolites in biological systems. By analyzing the unique metabolic profiles of cells, tissues, or organisms,…
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[ad_1] Introduction DNA damage is a common occurrence that poses a threat to the integrity of genetic information. The ability of cells to repair DNA damage is critical for maintaining genomic stability and preventing diseases…
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[ad_1] Introduction Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, providing protection to the underlying dentin and pulp tissues. Understanding the biochemistry of tooth enamel formation is crucial for comprehending dental health and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Xenobiotics are foreign substances that enter the body through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. These substances can range from pharmaceutical drugs and environmental chemicals to dietary compounds and toxicants.…
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[ad_1] Introduction Proteins and carbohydrates play crucial roles in cell recognition, a fundamental process in various biological phenomena such as immune response, fertilization, and development. Protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate these recognition events, where specific proteins bind…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Hair growth is a complex biological process that involves a variety of biochemical pathways. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of hair growth is crucial for developing effective treatments for hair loss and promoting healthy…
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[ad_1] Introduction Respiratory diseases are a significant public health concern worldwide, with a high burden of mortality and morbidity. Metabolomics, a rapidly evolving field in systems biology, has shown great promise in the study of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Cellular stress responses are crucial mechanisms that allow cells to adapt and survive in challenging environments. When cells are exposed to various stressors such as heat, chemicals, or radiation, they undergo a series…
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