[ad_1] Introduction Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for the conservation and sustainable management of marine ecosystems. However, the design and implementation of an effective MPA network requires careful consideration of various factors,…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat for countless marine species and serving as a vital resource for coastal communities. However, these fragile ecosystems are under…
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[ad_1] Introduction The marine ecosystem is facing unprecedented threats due to human activities such as overfishing, pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. These threats have led to a decline in biodiversity and the degradation of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems play a vital role in providing a wide range of services that are essential for human well-being. These ecosystem services include provisioning services such as food, water, and raw materials; regulating…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, regulating climate, and providing valuable resources for human societies. However, these ecosystems are facing increasing threats from human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Marine viruses play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by influencing the composition and functioning of microbial communities. Despite their significance, the role of marine viruses in ecosystem health is still poorly understood.…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine ecosystems are crucial for supporting human well-being through the provision of various ecosystem services such as food, coastal protection, and regulation of climate. However, these ecosystems are facing significant threats from climate…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine benthic communities play a crucial role in the health and functioning of marine ecosystems. These communities consist of a diverse range of organisms that live on or in the seabed, including corals,…
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[ad_1] Introduction The marine ecosystem plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate system. However, human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction have severely impacted marine ecosystems, leading to significant biodiversity loss…
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[ad_1] Introduction The impact of overfishing on marine trophic structures is a pressing issue that has gained significant attention in recent years. With the increase in global demand for seafood, many marine species have been…
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