[ad_1] Introduction Heavy metals are a group of metallic elements that have a high atomic weight and density. They are naturally occurring in the environment but can also be released into the environment through human…
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[ad_1] Introduction Antioxidants play a crucial role in cellular protection by neutralizing harmful free radicals and preventing oxidative damage to cells. This thesis explores the significance of antioxidants in maintaining cellular health and protecting against…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Iron is an essential element for the human body, playing a crucial role in various physiological processes. One of the most important functions of iron is its role in oxygen transport, primarily through…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Plants are essential components of ecosystems, providing oxygen, food, and habitat for numerous organisms. However, they are constantly exposed to various environmental stressors such as drought, high salinity, extreme temperatures, and pollution. These…
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[ad_1] Introduction Chronic inflammation is a complex physiological response that plays a crucial role in various diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders. The biochemical effects of chronic inflammation have been widely studied,…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in various biological processes in living organisms. One of the key functions of zinc is its involvement in enzyme activity, where it…
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[ad_1] Introduction Oxidative stress is a complex biochemical phenomenon that occurs in living organisms when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the antioxidant defense system…
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[ad_1] Introduction DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in gene regulation and cellular differentiation. It involves the addition of a methyl group to the 5′ position of cytosine residues…
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[ad_1] Introduction Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are a unique class of proteins that lack a well-defined three-dimensional structure under physiological conditions. These proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell signaling, transcription, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. The biogenesis of exosomes is a complex and highly regulated process…
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