[ad_1] Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 251 million…
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[ad_1] Introduction Rheumatic diseases are a group of disorders that affect the joints, muscles, and connective tissues, causing pain, inflammation, and deformity. These diseases can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Proteins play a crucial role in numerous biological processes, including cellular signaling, gene regulation, and enzyme function. Hormones are signaling molecules that regulate various physiological processes in organisms. The interaction between proteins and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Protein-RNA interactions play a crucial role in various biological processes, including miRNA-mediated gene silencing. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target mRNAs and leading to their…
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[ad_1] Introduction Gluconeogenesis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that enables organisms to maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or low carbohydrate conditions. It is a complex biochemical process that involves the synthesis of glucose from…
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[ad_1] Introduction Bacterial pili are hair-like structures that extend from the surface of many pathogenic bacteria and play essential roles in bacterial adhesion to host cells, biofilm formation, and virulence. Understanding the structural biology of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Protein citrullination is a post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including gene regulation, signal transduction, and immune responses. Citrullination is the conversion of arginine residues into citrulline by…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pregnancy is a physiological state that requires significant metabolic adaptations to support the growth and development of the fetus. These adaptations involve changes in maternal metabolism, hormone levels, and nutrient utilization to ensure…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug-induced musculoskeletal toxicity is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and toxicology. The musculoskeletal system plays a crucial role in maintaining body movement, posture, and overall physical function. However, certain drugs…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Protein-carbohydrate interactions play a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune cell trafficking. Immune cell trafficking is a complex process that involves the movement of immune cells from one location to another…
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