Introduction Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant clinical problem that can lead to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and even end-stage renal disease. It is a common cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in…
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Introduction: Protein-RNA interactions play a crucial role in stress granule formation, a cellular response to various stress conditions such as heat shock, oxidative stress, and viral infection. Stress granules are dynamic, membraneless organelles that serve…
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Introduction Biochemistry of bilirubin metabolism is a fascinating field of study that involves the breakdown and elimination of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the catabolism of heme in the body. Bilirubin plays a crucial…
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Introduction Bacterial porins are integral membrane proteins that play a crucial role in allowing the passage of small solutes across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins are essential for the growth and survival…
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Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that is triggered by a traumatic event. It can have lasting effects on an individual’s mental and physical health, often leading to significant disabilities and…
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Introduction: Protein racemization is a biochemical process in which the optical isomer of a chiral amino acid is converted into its mirror image, resulting in the formation of a racemic mixture of D and L…
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Introduction The inner ear is a complex and delicate system responsible for hearing and balance in humans. Central to the proper functioning of the inner ear are the fluids known as perilymph and endolymph. These…
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Introduction: Protein-aptamer complexes have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in various fields such as medicine, biotechnology, and diagnostics. Aptamers are artificial nucleic acid molecules that can specifically bind to…
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Introduction Proteins and carbohydrates play important roles in plant-pathogen interactions, where they serve as key components in the defense mechanisms of plants against invading pathogens. Understanding the interactions between proteins and carbohydrates in this context…
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Introduction Biochemistry of ketone body metabolism is a complex and essential process in the human body. Ketone bodies, including acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone, are produced in the liver during periods of fasting, prolonged exercise, or…
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