[ad_1] Introduction Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells and tissues in the body. These diseases can affect any part of the body, leading to…
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[ad_1] Introduction Fibrosis is a common pathological process that occurs in many chronic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and systemic sclerosis. It is characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, leading…
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[ad_1] Introduction Adrenergic drugs are a class of medications that act on the adrenergic receptors in the body, particularly those that respond to the neurotransmitter adrenaline, also known as epinephrine. These drugs have a wide…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacodynamics plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy of drugs in the human body. Understanding the mechanism of action of drugs and how they interact with the body at a molecular level…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs exert their effects on the body, including the mechanisms of action, therapeutic and toxic effects, and the relationship between drug concentration and response. Lipid-lowering drugs are…
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[ad_1] Introduction Muscle toxicity induced by drugs is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and medicine. The adverse effects of drugs on skeletal muscles can lead to serious complications, including rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their ability to efficiently deliver various cargoes, including drugs and genes, across biological membranes. CPPs are short peptides that possess…
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[ad_1] Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial players in signal transduction, regulating a wide variety of physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that GPCRs can form oligomeric complexes, which can influence their function and…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In recent years, exosomes have gained significant attention as…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It affects millions of people worldwide and has a significant impact on their quality of life.…
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