[ad_1] Introduction Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been established as a critical tool for conserving marine biodiversity, protecting vulnerable ecosystems, and sustaining fisheries resources. However, the effectiveness of MPAs in achieving these goals is often…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Marine ecosystems are incredibly diverse and complex, providing valuable services to both humans and the environment. However, these ecosystems are increasingly under threat from various disturbances such as pollution, overfishing, climate change, and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine biodiversity loss is a pressing global issue that has significant economic impacts. With the continued exploitation of marine resources, there has been a decline in the diversity of species and ecosystems in…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Sea level rise is a pressing global issue that has gained significant attention in recent years due to the impacts of climate change. As sea levels continue to rise, coastal communities around the…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Marine ecosystem-based fisheries management is a holistic approach to managing fisheries that considers the ecosystem as a whole, rather than focusing solely on individual species. This approach takes into account the interactions between…
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[ad_1] Introduction Ocean acidification is a phenomenon that has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Marine fungi, a critical component of marine biodiversity, are especially vulnerable to…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Marine invasive species have increasingly become a global environmental issue, impacting ecosystem services and biodiversity worldwide. These invasive species, introduced through human activities such as shipping, aquaculture, and aquarium trade, pose significant threats…
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[ad_1] Introduction Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, supporting a wide range of marine life and providing essential ecosystem services to millions of people worldwide. However, coral reefs are…
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[ad_1] Introduction Marine microplastic pollution has become a significant global environmental issue in recent years. Microplastics, defined as particles less than five millimeters in size, are found in oceans worldwide and are a result of…
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[ad_1] Introduction Deep-sea mining is a relatively new and potentially lucrative industry that involves the extraction of minerals from the ocean floor. As demand for rare earth metals and other resources continues to grow, interest…
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