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Introduction

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, are debilitating conditions that currently have no cure. These diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to cognitive decline, motor deficits, and ultimately, disability. Recent research has highlighted the role of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, in neurodegeneration. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis, regulating the immune response, and clearing debris. However, dysregulation of microglial function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.

This thesis aims to investigate the role of microglia in neurodegeneration, with a focus on understanding how microglial dysfunction contributes to the progression of these diseases. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying microglial activation and neuroinflammation, we hope to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background of study
1.3 Problem Statement
1.4 Objective of study
1.5 Limitation of study
1.6 Scope of study
1.7 Significance of study
1.8 Structure of the Thesis
1.9 Definition of Terms

Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview of Neurodegenerative Diseases
2.2 Introduction to Microglia
2.3 Microglial Activation in Neurodegeneration
2.4 Role of Neuroinflammation in Disease Progression
2.5 Microglial Clearance Mechanisms
2.6 Neuroprotective Functions of Microglia
2.7 Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegeneration
2.8 Microglial Heterogeneity
2.9 Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Microglia
2.10 Summary of Current Knowledge

Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Experimental Design
3.2 Animal Models of Neurodegeneration
3.3 Isolation and Culture of Microglia
3.4 Assessment of Microglial Activation
3.5 Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence Imaging
3.6 RNA Sequencing Analysis
3.7 Statistical Analysis
3.8 Ethical Considerations

Chapter 4: Discussion of Findings
4.1 Microglial Activation Patterns in Neurodegenerative Models
4.2 Transcriptomic Profiling of Dysfunctional Microglia
4.3 Effects of Targeted Therapies on Microglial Function
4.4 Implications for Future Research
4.5 Comparison with Existing Literature

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Summary
5.1 Summary of Key Findings
5.2 Implications for Clinical Practice
5.3 Limitations and Future Directions
5.4 Conclusion

Thesis Overview

Neurodegenerative diseases represent a significant public health challenge, with an increasing burden on healthcare systems worldwide. While the exact causes of these diseases remain unclear, mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis. In this thesis, we aim to investigate the role of microglia in neurodegeneration, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying microglial dysfunction and its contribution to disease progression.

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the topic, outlining the background of the study, problem statement, objectives, limitations, scope, significance, and structure of the thesis. Additionally, key terms are defined to facilitate understanding of the subsequent chapters.

Chapter 2 presents a comprehensive review of the current literature on neurodegenerative diseases, microglial biology, neuroinflammation, and the role of microglia in disease progression. This chapter sets the stage for the experimental investigations detailed in the following chapters.

Chapter 3 describes the research methodology employed in this study, including the experimental design, animal models, isolation and culture of microglia, assessment techniques, RNA sequencing analysis, and ethical considerations. These methodologies were essential for generating robust data to address the research questions.

Chapter 4 presents a detailed discussion of the findings derived from the experimental analyses, focusing on microglial activation patterns, transcriptomic profiling of dysfunctional microglia, effects of targeted therapies, and implications for future research. This chapter synthesizes the results and relates them to the existing literature.

Finally, Chapter 5 offers a conclusion and summary of the key findings, their implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research directions. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of microglia in neurodegeneration and potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.

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