[ad_1] Introduction: Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged organelles and proteins. In recent years, autophagy has emerged as an important…
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[ad_1] Introduction Immunomodulatory drugs play a crucial role in both the treatment and prevention of various diseases by modulating the immune response of the body. These drugs can either enhance or suppress the immune system,…
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[ad_1] Introduction Malnutrition is a global health issue affecting millions of people, particularly in developing countries. Malnourished patients often have altered drug pharmacokinetics, leading to unpredictable drug responses and potential treatment failures or adverse effects.…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug metabolism is a complex process that plays a crucial role in determining the efficacy and toxicity of drugs in the human body. Transporters are key players in drug metabolism, as they play…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug-induced cardiovascular toxicity is a significant concern in the field of pharmacology and medicine. Cardiovascular toxicity refers to the adverse effects of drugs on the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood…
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[ad_1] Introduction Systemic diseases, also known as systemic illnesses or systemic disorders, are conditions that affect the entire body rather than just one specific organ or body part. These diseases can have a wide range…
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[ad_1] Introduction: The field of pharmacodynamics plays a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms of action of anti-viral agents. As viruses continue to pose a significant threat to public health globally, the development of effective…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Critical care patients are a unique population with complex pharmacokinetic profiles due to factors such as altered drug metabolism, distribution, and elimination. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of drugs in this population is crucial for…
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[ad_1] Introduction Genetic disorders are a group of diseases caused by abnormalities in an individual’s DNA. These disorders can range from relatively mild conditions to severe, life-threatening illnesses. The development of drugs for genetic disorders…
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[ad_1] Introduction Parasitic diseases continue to be a major global health issue, affecting millions of people worldwide. These diseases are caused by various parasites such as protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites, and can lead to severe…
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