[ad_1] Introduction Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with chemotherapy being one of the most common treatment modalities. However, one of the major challenges in the successful treatment of cancer is…
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[ad_1] Introduction Opioid analgesics are commonly used for pain management in clinical settings due to their potent analgesic effects. However, the pharmacodynamics of these drugs are complex and poorly understood. This thesis aims to provide…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacogenomics is a field of study that investigates how an individual’s genetic makeup influences their response to medications. In the case of antidepressants, the field of pharmacogenomics has gained significant attention in recent…
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[ad_1] Introduction Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a significant challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections, as it leads to the failure of antibiotic therapy and results in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Efflux pumps are…
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[ad_1] Introduction Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide, with significant implications for health outcomes and healthcare costs. It is well established that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing various chronic diseases such…
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[ad_1] Introduction Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body. Herbal medicines have been used for centuries in traditional medicine practices and are becoming increasingly popular in…
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[ad_1] Introduction Antipsychotic medications are a class of drugs used to treat various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. These medications work by altering the brain’s chemical signaling pathways, specifically targeting…
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[ad_1] Introduction Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a significant clinical problem that can lead to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. The mechanisms underlying drug-induced nephrotoxicity are complex and multifactorial, involving a variety of cellular and…
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[ad_1] Introduction The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the…
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[ad_1] **Introduction** Biologic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of various chronic diseases, offering new hope for patients with conditions such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. However, the high cost of biologic drugs has…
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