[ad_1] Introduction Sleep is a fundamental aspect of human life, playing a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including brain function. The relationship between sleep and brain function has long been recognized, with numerous…
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[ad_1] Introduction Cytokines are a diverse group of signaling molecules that play crucial roles in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. These small proteins are secreted by various cells in the immune system and…
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[ad_1] Introduction Decision making is a complex cognitive process that plays a crucial role in our everyday lives. From simple choices such as what to eat for breakfast to complex decisions like choosing a career…
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[ad_1] Introduction Fear conditioning is a fundamental process by which organisms associate a neutral stimulus with a fearful event, leading to the formation of a fear memory and subsequent fear responses. Understanding the neural circuitry…
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[ad_1] Introduction: Chronic stress has become a pervasive issue in modern society, with individuals facing daily challenges that can lead to prolonged periods of stress. While acute stress can sometimes be beneficial in motivating individuals…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain, has long been considered crucial for learning and memory. While it was traditionally believed that neurogenesis ceases in adulthood, recent research…
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[ad_1] Introduction The human body operates on a 24-hour cycle known as the circadian rhythm, which is regulated by an internal clock located in the brain. This internal clock, known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, controls…
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[ad_1] Introduction Addiction is a complex disorder that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. The neural mechanisms underlying addiction have been the focus of much…
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[ad_1] Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system, leading to cognitive decline, movement disorders, and ultimately, functional impairment. These diseases represent a…
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[ad_1] Introduction Empathy, compassion, and altruism are fundamental components of human social behavior, playing a crucial role in fostering cooperation, pro-social behavior, and overall well-being. Understanding the neural basis of these complex cognitive and affective…
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